info2html $Revision: 1.3 $


File: coreutils.info[別], Node: Top[別], Next: Introduction[別], Up: (dir)[別]

GNU Coreutils
*************

This manual documents version 6.10 of the GNU core utilities, including
the standard programs for text and file manipulation.

   Copyright (C) 1994-1996, 2000-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
     and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
     in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

* Menu:

* Introduction[別]::                       Caveats, overview, and authors.
* Common options[別]::                     Common options.
* Output of entire files[別]::             cat tac nl od
* Formatting file contents[別]::           fmt pr fold
* Output of parts of files[別]::           head tail split csplit
* Summarizing files[別]::                  wc sum cksum md5sum sha1sum sha2
* Operating on sorted files[別]::          sort shuf uniq comm ptx tsort
* Operating on fields within a line[別]::  cut paste join
* Operating on characters[別]::            tr expand unexpand
* Directory listing[別]::                  ls dir vdir dircolors
* Basic operations[別]::                   cp dd install mv rm shred
* Special file types[別]::                 ln mkdir rmdir mkfifo mknod
* Changing file attributes[別]::           chgrp chmod chown touch
* Disk usage[別]::                         df du stat sync
* Printing text[別]::                      echo printf yes
* Conditions[別]::                         false true test expr
* Redirection[別]::                        tee
* File name manipulation[別]::             dirname basename pathchk
* Working context[別]::                    pwd stty printenv tty
* User information[別]::                   id logname whoami groups users who
* System context[別]::                     date uname hostname hostid
* Modified command invocation[別]::        chroot env nice nohup su
* Process control[別]::                    kill
* Delaying[別]::                           sleep
* Numeric operations[別]::                 factor seq
* File permissions[別]::                   Access modes.
* Date input formats[別]::                 Specifying date strings.
* Opening the software toolbox[別]::       The software tools philosophy.
* GNU Free Documentation License[別]::     Copying and sharing this manual.
* Concept index[別]::                      General index.

 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Common Options

* Exit status[別]::                 Indicating program success or failure.
* Backup options[別]::              Backup options
* Block size[別]::                  Block size
* Disambiguating names and IDs[別]:: chgrp and chown owner and group syntax
* Random sources[別]::              Sources of random data
* Target directory[別]::            Target directory
* Trailing slashes[別]::            Trailing slashes
* Traversing symlinks[別]::         Traversing symlinks to directories
* Treating / specially[別]::        Treating / specially
* Standards conformance[別]::       Standards conformance

Output of entire files

* cat invocation[別]::              Concatenate and write files.
* tac invocation[別]::              Concatenate and write files in reverse.
* nl invocation[別]::               Number lines and write files.
* od invocation[別]::               Write files in octal or other formats.
* base64 invocation[別]::           Transform data into printable data.

Formatting file contents

* fmt invocation[別]::              Reformat paragraph text.
* pr invocation[別]::               Paginate or columnate files for printing.
* fold invocation[別]::             Wrap input lines to fit in specified width.

Output of parts of files

* head invocation[別]::             Output the first part of files.
* tail invocation[別]::             Output the last part of files.
* split invocation[別]::            Split a file into fixed-size pieces.
* csplit invocation[別]::           Split a file into context-determined pieces.

Summarizing files

* wc invocation[別]::               Print newline, word, and byte counts.
* sum invocation[別]::              Print checksum and block counts.
* cksum invocation[別]::            Print CRC checksum and byte counts.
* md5sum invocation[別]::           Print or check MD5 digests.
* sha1sum invocation[別]::          Print or check SHA-1 digests.
* sha2 utilities[別]::              Print or check SHA-2 digests.

Operating on sorted files

* sort invocation[別]::             Sort text files.
* shuf invocation[別]::             Shuffle text files.
* uniq invocation[別]::             Uniquify files.
* comm invocation[別]::             Compare two sorted files line by line.
* ptx invocation[別]::              Produce a permuted index of file contents.
* tsort invocation[別]::            Topological sort.

`ptx': Produce permuted indexes

* General options in ptx[別]::      Options which affect general program behavior.
* Charset selection in ptx[別]::    Underlying character set considerations.
* Input processing in ptx[別]::     Input fields, contexts, and keyword selection.
* Output formatting in ptx[別]::    Types of output format, and sizing the fields.
* Compatibility in ptx[別]::        The GNU extensions to `ptx'

Operating on fields within a line

* cut invocation[別]::              Print selected parts of lines.
* paste invocation[別]::            Merge lines of files.
* join invocation[別]::             Join lines on a common field.

Operating on characters

* tr invocation[別]::               Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters.
* expand invocation[別]::           Convert tabs to spaces.
* unexpand invocation[別]::         Convert spaces to tabs.

`tr': Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters

* Character sets[別]::              Specifying sets of characters.
* Translating[別]::                 Changing one set of characters to another.
* Squeezing[別]::                   Squeezing repeats and deleting.

Directory listing

* ls invocation[別]::               List directory contents
* dir invocation[別]::              Briefly list directory contents
* vdir invocation[別]::             Verbosely list directory contents
* dircolors invocation[別]::        Color setup for `ls'

`ls':  List directory contents

* Which files are listed[別]::      Which files are listed
* What information is listed[別]::  What information is listed
* Sorting the output[別]::          Sorting the output
* More details about version sort[別]::  More details about version sort
* General output formatting[別]::   General output formatting
* Formatting the file names[別]::   Formatting the file names

Basic operations

* cp invocation[別]::               Copy files and directories
* dd invocation[別]::               Convert and copy a file
* install invocation[別]::          Copy files and set attributes
* mv invocation[別]::               Move (rename) files
* rm invocation[別]::               Remove files or directories
* shred invocation[別]::            Remove files more securely

Special file types

* link invocation[別]::             Make a hard link via the link syscall
* ln invocation[別]::               Make links between files
* mkdir invocation[別]::            Make directories
* mkfifo invocation[別]::           Make FIFOs (named pipes)
* mknod invocation[別]::            Make block or character special files
* readlink invocation[別]::         Print the referent of a symbolic link
* rmdir invocation[別]::            Remove empty directories
* unlink invocation[別]::           Remove files via unlink syscall

Changing file attributes

* chown invocation[別]::            Change file owner and group
* chgrp invocation[別]::            Change group ownership
* chmod invocation[別]::            Change access permissions
* touch invocation[別]::            Change file timestamps

Disk usage

* df invocation[別]::               Report file system disk space usage
* du invocation[別]::               Estimate file space usage
* stat invocation[別]::             Report file or file system status
* sync invocation[別]::             Synchronize data on disk with memory

Printing text

* echo invocation[別]::             Print a line of text
* printf invocation[別]::           Format and print data
* yes invocation[別]::              Print a string until interrupted

Conditions

* false invocation[別]::              Do nothing, unsuccessfully
* true invocation[別]::               Do nothing, successfully
* test invocation[別]::               Check file types and compare values
* expr invocation[別]::               Evaluate expressions

`test': Check file types and compare values

* File type tests[別]::               File type tests
* Access permission tests[別]::       Access permission tests
* File characteristic tests[別]::     File characteristic tests
* String tests[別]::                  String tests
* Numeric tests[別]::                 Numeric tests

`expr': Evaluate expression

* String expressions[別]::         + : match substr index length
* Numeric expressions[別]::        + - * / %
* Relations for expr[別]::         | & < <= = == != >= >
* Examples of expr[別]::           Examples of using `expr'

Redirection

* tee invocation[別]::               Redirect output to multiple files or processes

File name manipulation

* basename invocation[別]::          Strip directory and suffix from a file name
* dirname invocation[別]::           Strip non-directory suffix from a file name
* pathchk invocation[別]::           Check file name portability

Working context

* pwd invocation[別]::               Print working directory
* stty invocation[別]::              Print or change terminal characteristics
* printenv invocation[別]::          Print all or some environment variables
* tty invocation[別]::               Print file name of terminal on standard input

`stty': Print or change terminal characteristics

* Control[別]::                     Control settings
* Input[別]::                       Input settings
* Output[別]::                      Output settings
* Local[別]::                       Local settings
* Combination[別]::                 Combination settings
* Characters[別]::                  Special characters
* Special[別]::                     Special settings

User information

* id invocation[別]::                Print user identity
* logname invocation[別]::           Print current login name
* whoami invocation[別]::            Print effective user ID
* groups invocation[別]::            Print group names a user is in
* users invocation[別]::             Print login names of users currently logged in
* who invocation[別]::               Print who is currently logged in

System context

* arch invocation[別]::              Print machine hardware name
* date invocation[別]::              Print or set system date and time
* uname invocation[別]::             Print system information
* hostname invocation[別]::          Print or set system name
* hostid invocation[別]::            Print numeric host identifier.

`date': Print or set system date and time

* Time conversion specifiers[別]::   %[HIklMNpPrRsSTXzZ]
* Date conversion specifiers[別]::   %[aAbBcCdDeFgGhjmuUVwWxyY]
* Literal conversion specifiers[別]:: %[%nt]
* Padding and other flags[別]::      Pad with zeros, spaces, etc.
* Setting the time[別]::             Changing the system clock.
* Options for date[別]::             Instead of the current time.
* Date input formats[別]::           Specifying date strings.
* Examples of date[別]::             Examples.

Modified command invocation

* chroot invocation[別]::            Run a command with a different root directory
* env invocation[別]::               Run a command in a modified environment
* nice invocation[別]::              Run a command with modified niceness
* nohup invocation[別]::             Run a command immune to hangups
* su invocation[別]::                Run a command with substitute user and group ID

Process control

* kill invocation[別]::              Sending a signal to processes.

Delaying

* sleep invocation[別]::             Delay for a specified time

Numeric operations

* factor invocation[別]::            Print prime factors
* seq invocation[別]::               Print numeric sequences

File permissions

* Mode Structure[別]::               Structure of file mode bits.
* Symbolic Modes[別]::               Mnemonic representation of file mode bits.
* Numeric Modes[別]::                File mode bits as octal numbers.
* Directory Setuid and Setgid[別]::  Set-user-ID and set-group-ID on directories.

Date input formats

* General date syntax[別]::          Common rules.
* Calendar date items[別]::          19 Dec 1994.
* Time of day items[別]::            9:20pm.
* Time zone items[別]::              EST, PDT, GMT.
* Day of week items[別]::            Monday and others.
* Relative items in date strings[別]:: next tuesday, 2 years ago.
* Pure numbers in date strings[別]:: 19931219, 1440.
* Seconds since the Epoch[別]::      @1078100502.
* Specifying time zone rules[別]::   TZ="America/New_York", TZ="UTC0".
* Authors of get_date[別]::          Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al.

Opening the software toolbox

* Toolbox introduction[別]::         Toolbox introduction
* I/O redirection[別]::              I/O redirection
* The who command[別]::              The `who' command
* The cut command[別]::              The `cut' command
* The sort command[別]::             The `sort' command
* The uniq command[別]::             The `uniq' command
* Putting the tools together[別]::   Putting the tools together

Copying This Manual

* GNU Free Documentation License[別]::     Copying and sharing this manual.


[ HOME ][ dirへ戻る ]