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GNU `gettext' utilities
***********************
This manual documents the GNU gettext tools and the GNU libintl
library, version 0.17.
* Menu:
* Introduction[別]:: Introduction
* Users[別]:: The User's View
* PO Files[別]:: The Format of PO Files
* Sources[別]:: Preparing Program Sources
* Template[別]:: Making the PO Template File
* Creating[別]:: Creating a New PO File
* Updating[別]:: Updating Existing PO Files
* Editing[別]:: Editing PO Files
* Manipulating[別]:: Manipulating PO Files
* Binaries[別]:: Producing Binary MO Files
* Programmers[別]:: The Programmer's View
* Translators[別]:: The Translator's View
* Maintainers[別]:: The Maintainer's View
* Installers[別]:: The Installer's and Distributor's View
* Programming Languages[別]:: Other Programming Languages
* Conclusion[別]:: Concluding Remarks
* Language Codes[別]:: ISO 639 language codes
* Country Codes[別]:: ISO 3166 country codes
* Licenses[別]:: Licenses
* Program Index[別]:: Index of Programs
* Option Index[別]:: Index of Command-Line Options
* Variable Index[別]:: Index of Environment Variables
* PO Mode Index[別]:: Index of Emacs PO Mode Commands
* Autoconf Macro Index[別]:: Index of Autoconf Macros
* Index[別]:: General Index
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Introduction
* Why[別]:: The Purpose of GNU `gettext'
* Concepts[別]:: I18n, L10n, and Such
* Aspects[別]:: Aspects in Native Language Support
* Files[別]:: Files Conveying Translations
* Overview[別]:: Overview of GNU `gettext'
The User's View
* System Installation[別]:: Questions During Operating System Installation
* Setting the GUI Locale[別]:: How to Specify the Locale Used by GUI Programs
* Setting the POSIX Locale[別]:: How to Specify the Locale According to POSIX
* Installing Localizations[別]:: How to Install Additional Translations
Setting the POSIX Locale
* Locale Names[別]:: How a Locale Specification Looks Like
* Locale Environment Variables[別]:: Which Environment Variable Specfies What
* The LANGUAGE variable[別]:: How to Specify a Priority List of Languages
Preparing Program Sources
* Importing[別]:: Importing the `gettext' declaration
* Triggering[別]:: Triggering `gettext' Operations
* Preparing Strings[別]:: Preparing Translatable Strings
* Mark Keywords[別]:: How Marks Appear in Sources
* Marking[別]:: Marking Translatable Strings
* c-format Flag[別]:: Telling something about the following string
* Special cases[別]:: Special Cases of Translatable Strings
* Bug Report Address[別]:: Letting Users Report Translation Bugs
* Names[別]:: Marking Proper Names for Translation
* Libraries[別]:: Preparing Library Sources
Making the PO Template File
* xgettext Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `xgettext' Program
Creating a New PO File
* msginit Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msginit' Program
* Header Entry[別]:: Filling in the Header Entry
Updating Existing PO Files
* msgmerge Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgmerge' Program
Editing PO Files
* KBabel[別]:: KDE's PO File Editor
* Gtranslator[別]:: GNOME's PO File Editor
* PO Mode[別]:: Emacs's PO File Editor
* Compendium[別]:: Using Translation Compendia
Emacs's PO File Editor
* Installation[別]:: Completing GNU `gettext' Installation
* Main PO Commands[別]:: Main Commands
* Entry Positioning[別]:: Entry Positioning
* Normalizing[別]:: Normalizing Strings in Entries
* Translated Entries[別]:: Translated Entries
* Fuzzy Entries[別]:: Fuzzy Entries
* Untranslated Entries[別]:: Untranslated Entries
* Obsolete Entries[別]:: Obsolete Entries
* Modifying Translations[別]:: Modifying Translations
* Modifying Comments[別]:: Modifying Comments
* Subedit[別]:: Mode for Editing Translations
* C Sources Context[別]:: C Sources Context
* Auxiliary[別]:: Consulting Auxiliary PO Files
Using Translation Compendia
* Creating Compendia[別]:: Merging translations for later use
* Using Compendia[別]:: Using older translations if they fit
Manipulating PO Files
* msgcat Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgcat' Program
* msgconv Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgconv' Program
* msggrep Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msggrep' Program
* msgfilter Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgfilter' Program
* msguniq Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msguniq' Program
* msgcomm Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgcomm' Program
* msgcmp Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgcmp' Program
* msgattrib Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgattrib' Program
* msgen Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgen' Program
* msgexec Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgexec' Program
* Colorizing[別]:: Highlighting parts of PO files
* libgettextpo[別]:: Writing your own programs that process PO files
Highlighting parts of PO files
* The --color option[別]:: Triggering colorized output
* The TERM variable[別]:: The environment variable `TERM'
* The --style option[別]:: The `--style' option
* Style rules[別]:: Style rules for PO files
* Customizing less[別]:: Customizing `less' for viewing PO files
Producing Binary MO Files
* msgfmt Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgfmt' Program
* msgunfmt Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `msgunfmt' Program
* MO Files[別]:: The Format of GNU MO Files
The Programmer's View
* catgets[別]:: About `catgets'
* gettext[別]:: About `gettext'
* Comparison[別]:: Comparing the two interfaces
* Using libintl.a[別]:: Using libintl.a in own programs
* gettext grok[別]:: Being a `gettext' grok
* Temp Programmers[別]:: Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
About `catgets'
* Interface to catgets[別]:: The interface
* Problems with catgets[別]:: Problems with the `catgets' interface?!
About `gettext'
* Interface to gettext[別]:: The interface
* Ambiguities[別]:: Solving ambiguities
* Locating Catalogs[別]:: Locating message catalog files
* Charset conversion[別]:: How to request conversion to Unicode
* Contexts[別]:: Solving ambiguities in GUI programs
* Plural forms[別]:: Additional functions for handling plurals
* Optimized gettext[別]:: Optimization of the *gettext functions
Temporary Notes for the Programmers Chapter
* Temp Implementations[別]:: Temporary - Two Possible Implementations
* Temp catgets[別]:: Temporary - About `catgets'
* Temp WSI[別]:: Temporary - Why a single implementation
* Temp Notes[別]:: Temporary - Notes
The Translator's View
* Trans Intro 0[別]:: Introduction 0
* Trans Intro 1[別]:: Introduction 1
* Discussions[別]:: Discussions
* Organization[別]:: Organization
* Information Flow[別]:: Information Flow
* Prioritizing messages[別]:: How to find which messages to translate first
Organization
* Central Coordination[別]:: Central Coordination
* National Teams[別]:: National Teams
* Mailing Lists[別]:: Mailing Lists
National Teams
* Sub-Cultures[別]:: Sub-Cultures
* Organizational Ideas[別]:: Organizational Ideas
The Maintainer's View
* Flat and Non-Flat[別]:: Flat or Non-Flat Directory Structures
* Prerequisites[別]:: Prerequisite Works
* gettextize Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `gettextize' Program
* Adjusting Files[別]:: Files You Must Create or Alter
* autoconf macros[別]:: Autoconf macros for use in `configure.ac'
* CVS Issues[別]:: Integrating with CVS
* Release Management[別]:: Creating a Distribution Tarball
Files You Must Create or Alter
* po/POTFILES.in[別]:: `POTFILES.in' in `po/'
* po/LINGUAS[別]:: `LINGUAS' in `po/'
* po/Makevars[別]:: `Makevars' in `po/'
* po/Rules-*[別]:: Extending `Makefile' in `po/'
* configure.ac[別]:: `configure.ac' at top level
* config.guess[別]:: `config.guess', `config.sub' at top level
* mkinstalldirs[別]:: `mkinstalldirs' at top level
* aclocal[別]:: `aclocal.m4' at top level
* acconfig[別]:: `acconfig.h' at top level
* config.h.in[別]:: `config.h.in' at top level
* Makefile[別]:: `Makefile.in' at top level
* src/Makefile[別]:: `Makefile.in' in `src/'
* lib/gettext.h[別]:: `gettext.h' in `lib/'
Autoconf macros for use in `configure.ac'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT[別]:: AM_GNU_GETTEXT in `gettext.m4'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION[別]:: AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION in `gettext.m4'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED[別]:: AM_GNU_GETTEXT_NEED in `gettext.m4'
* AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR[別]:: AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR in `intldir.m4'
* AM_PO_SUBDIRS[別]:: AM_PO_SUBDIRS in `po.m4'
* AM_ICONV[別]:: AM_ICONV in `iconv.m4'
Integrating with CVS
* Distributed CVS[別]:: Avoiding version mismatch in distributed development
* Files under CVS[別]:: Files to put under CVS version control
* autopoint Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `autopoint' Program
Other Programming Languages
* Language Implementors[別]:: The Language Implementor's View
* Programmers for other Languages[別]:: The Programmer's View
* Translators for other Languages[別]:: The Translator's View
* Maintainers for other Languages[別]:: The Maintainer's View
* List of Programming Languages[別]:: Individual Programming Languages
* List of Data Formats[別]:: Internationalizable Data
The Translator's View
* c-format[別]:: C Format Strings
* objc-format[別]:: Objective C Format Strings
* sh-format[別]:: Shell Format Strings
* python-format[別]:: Python Format Strings
* lisp-format[別]:: Lisp Format Strings
* elisp-format[別]:: Emacs Lisp Format Strings
* librep-format[別]:: librep Format Strings
* scheme-format[別]:: Scheme Format Strings
* smalltalk-format[別]:: Smalltalk Format Strings
* java-format[別]:: Java Format Strings
* csharp-format[別]:: C# Format Strings
* awk-format[別]:: awk Format Strings
* object-pascal-format[別]:: Object Pascal Format Strings
* ycp-format[別]:: YCP Format Strings
* tcl-format[別]:: Tcl Format Strings
* perl-format[別]:: Perl Format Strings
* php-format[別]:: PHP Format Strings
* gcc-internal-format[別]:: GCC internal Format Strings
* qt-format[別]:: Qt Format Strings
* kde-format[別]:: KDE Format Strings
* boost-format[別]:: Boost Format Strings
Individual Programming Languages
* C[別]:: C, C++, Objective C
* sh[別]:: sh - Shell Script
* bash[別]:: bash - Bourne-Again Shell Script
* Python[別]:: Python
* Common Lisp[別]:: GNU clisp - Common Lisp
* clisp C[別]:: GNU clisp C sources
* Emacs Lisp[別]:: Emacs Lisp
* librep[別]:: librep
* Scheme[別]:: GNU guile - Scheme
* Smalltalk[別]:: GNU Smalltalk
* Java[別]:: Java
* C#[別]:: C#
* gawk[別]:: GNU awk
* Pascal[別]:: Pascal - Free Pascal Compiler
* wxWidgets[別]:: wxWidgets library
* YCP[別]:: YCP - YaST2 scripting language
* Tcl[別]:: Tcl - Tk's scripting language
* Perl[別]:: Perl
* PHP[別]:: PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
* Pike[別]:: Pike
* GCC-source[別]:: GNU Compiler Collection sources
sh - Shell Script
* Preparing Shell Scripts[別]:: Preparing Shell Scripts for Internationalization
* gettext.sh[別]:: Contents of `gettext.sh'
* gettext Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `gettext' program
* ngettext Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `ngettext' program
* envsubst Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `envsubst' program
* eval_gettext Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `eval_gettext' function
* eval_ngettext Invocation[別]:: Invoking the `eval_ngettext' function
Perl
* General Problems[別]:: General Problems Parsing Perl Code
* Default Keywords[別]:: Which Keywords Will xgettext Look For?
* Special Keywords[別]:: How to Extract Hash Keys
* Quote-like Expressions[別]:: What are Strings And Quote-like Expressions?
* Interpolation I[別]:: Invalid String Interpolation
* Interpolation II[別]:: Valid String Interpolation
* Parentheses[別]:: When To Use Parentheses
* Long Lines[別]:: How To Grok with Long Lines
* Perl Pitfalls[別]:: Bugs, Pitfalls, and Things That Do Not Work
Internationalizable Data
* POT[別]:: POT - Portable Object Template
* RST[別]:: Resource String Table
* Glade[別]:: Glade - GNOME user interface description
Concluding Remarks
* History[別]:: History of GNU `gettext'
* References[別]:: Related Readings
Language Codes
* Usual Language Codes[別]:: Two-letter ISO 639 language codes
* Rare Language Codes[別]:: Three-letter ISO 639 language codes
Licenses
* GNU GPL[別]:: GNU General Public License
* GNU LGPL[別]:: GNU Lesser General Public License
* GNU FDL[別]:: GNU Free Documentation License
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